“远中”号小偃麦在小麦育种中的应用

Utilization of Yuanzhong Octoploidy Trititrigia in Wheat Breeding

中间偃麦草是小麦的近缘植物。黑龙江省农科院育种所长期从事小麦与中间偃麦草有性杂交研究工作。这期间，不仅总结出以小麦为母本，与中间偃麦草为父本进行有性杂交、回交和后代连续选择的有效方法，先后育成了兼有双亲优良性状的多个小麦良种，而且在国内首先创造和培育出兼有双亲优良性状的新物种——八倍体小偃麦，即远中１～７ 等。经与东北师范大学遗传与细胞研究所、中国农科院作物所合作，采用细胞学及分子水平原位杂交鉴定，这批“远中”号小偃麦为普通小麦与中间偃麦草的部分双二倍体，除远中１ 为混倍体外，其余均为２ｎ＝ ５６ 条染色体，主要性状是综合农艺性状突出、结实正常、抗逆性强，是多种小麦病害的抗源。黑龙江、陕西、福建省农科院等单位以其为中心亲本与小麦杂交和回交，育成的高产、优质、抗多种真菌病害和国内条锈最新生理小种的新品种，现已成为国内外小麦育种的主要种质资源，倍受国内外育种家和学者的重视。

Cross breeding by crosses between T. aestivum cultivars and Th. intermedium accessions have been carried out in Crop Breeding Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Scinces since 1956. Some new varieties with good characters of high yield, high quality and diseases resistance from Th. intermedium , such as Xiaoyan No.1, Longmai 1,2,3, etc., were released. In China, we first created and bred stable octoploid Trititrigia with ideal characters of both parents , namely, Yuanzhong 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, etc.. These octoploid Trititrigia possessed different genomes of Th. intermedium showed the characters of stresses resistance and more florets per spiklet, etc.. This is regarded as a great break throuth in wheat germplasm creation. They have become bridge parent and gene pool of applification of Th. intermedium genes in wheat breeding worldwide. Some new varieties of wheat with translocation or substitution of Th. intermedium were released. Some effective methods and paths of using these materials might be used by wheat breeders.