商代校阅礼初探

A Research on the JIAOYUE Ceremonies in the Shang Dynasty

商代校阅礼是商代军礼的重要组成部分,指借助田猎活动选拔、训练兵士的仪节的总称。前人研究商代军礼的不乏其人,但对校阅礼系统研究的并不多见。本文通过系统整理甲骨军事刻辞后进一步归纳出商代校阅礼包含有:建旗聚众、训练检验、犒劳军士等仪节。训练检验又称搜田,含有搜田活动前的告庙礼、迁庙礼、占卜、搜田过程中祭天地山川礼、搜田结束后的献捷礼等仪节。对这些仪节的爬梳,有利于进一步认识甲骨军事刻辞蕴含的商代军礼,有利于补商史研究之缺漏。

The JIAOYUE(校阅) ceremonies were the important part of the JUN(军) ceremonies in the Shang Dynasty.It is a general term of the ceremonies of selecting and training soldiers by hunting.There are many research papers about the JUN ceremonies in the Shang Dynasty,but less researchers pay attention to the JIAOYUE ceremonies.In this article,we comprehensively arrange the inscriptions on the Oracle Bones at first,and induce the JIAOYUE ceremonies containing of Raising flag and Gathering people,Training and Test,Reward soldiers and so on.The ceremonies of training and test is named SOUTIAN(搜田) consisting of three parts.The first part is the GAOMIAO(告庙) ceremony,QIANMIAO(迁庙) ceremony,ZHANBU(占卜) ceremony before SOUTIAN.The second part is Sacrifice to the God,Village God,Mountain and River God among SOUTIAN.The third part is the dedication of achievements after SOUTIAN.A knowledge of these JIAOYUE ceremonies is helpful for the understanding of the JUN ceremonies in the Shang dynasty,and for the supplementation of the research the Shang dynasty.