流域生态健康评价框架及其评价方法体系研究(一)——框架和指标体系

Framework and Method System of Watershed Ecosystem Health Assessment(Ⅰ):Framework and Indicator System

总结了国内外流域生态健康评价的相关研究,从结构完整性、生态功能完善性和面临的生态环境胁迫方面提出流域生态健康的内涵。依据流域生态系统的物理结构、群落组成以及主导生态服务功能的不同,以水域( 河流) 、岸边带和陆域为评价对象,综合考虑流域自然地理单元与行政区划管理单元的空间叠置关系,确定流域最小评价单元。按水域、岸边带和陆域的生态结构、服务功能和胁迫特征构建流域生态健康评价基本框架,提出流域生态健康评价指标体系。为全面识别人类活动对流域生态系统的影响范围和程度,确定流域生态系统内优先保护对象和管理目标,为流域生态功能分区和流域生态补偿等提供技术支持。

Based on a summary of related studies on watershed ecosystem health assessment at home and abroad, the implications of watershed ecosystem health were put forward in terms of structural integrity, ecological functional sophistication and eco-environmental stress. According to the differences of watershed ecosystem physical structure, community compositions and leading eco-service function, aquatic （rivers）, riparian and terrestrial areas were taken as the basic evaluation objects. Considering the spatial overlay relationship between natural geographical units and the administrative management units, the minimum watershed evaluation unit was determined. Basic framework of watershed ecosystem health assessment was constructed based on ecological structure, service function and stress characteristics of the three evaluation objects, and the watershed evaluation index system put forward, in order to identify the impact scopes and degrees of human activities on the watershed eco-systems, to determine the priority protection objects and management targets within the watersheds, and to provide technical references for eeofunction regionalization and eco-eompensation of the watersheds.