露蕊乌头总生物碱提取工艺的优化研究

Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Total Alkaloids from Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim

[目的]优选露蕊乌头药材中总生物碱的提取工艺。[方法]以提取物得率和乌头碱的含量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交试验法探讨温度、浸润时间和超声波提取时间等因素对总生物碱提取的影响,并利用中和法测定总生物碱的含量。[结果]影响露蕊乌头总生物碱提取含量的各因素主次顺序为超声波提取时间(C)>浸润时间(B)>温度(A);最佳提取工艺条件为:A3B3C2,即温度80℃,浸润时间36 h,超声波处理30 min;在此条件下,乌头碱的含量最高。[结论]该方法简便快捷,稳定性好,提取工艺有一定的特异性,且在操作流程中减少了乌头碱有效成分的损失。该方法优化了露蕊乌头总生物碱的提取工艺,为露蕊乌头总生物碱的进一步研究奠定了基础。

[Objective] To optimize the extraction technology of total alkaloids from Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim.[Method] With the extraction rate and aconitine content as the indices,effects of extraction time,extraction temperature,soaking time on the extraction rate of total alkaloids were studied by L9（3^4） orthogonal test.[Result] Factors affecting the extraction rate of total alkaloids from A.gymnandrum were in the order of extraction time（C） 〉soaking time（B）〉 extraction temperature（A）.The optimal extraction condition was A3B3C2,which were 80 ℃ extraction temperature,36 h soaking time,and 30 min extraction time.Under this condition,extraction rate of aconitine was the highest.[Conclusion] This method was rapid,stable and could reduce the loss of the effective components of aconitine during operation.The extraction technology of total alkaloids from A.gymnandrum was optimized,which provided basis for the further research on the total alkaloids in A.gymnandrum.