明政府对太行山与燕山林木的砍伐——明代北京的燃料供应问题

Deforestation of Taihang and Yanshan Mountains by the Government of the Ming Dynasty——Issue of Fuel Supply for Beijing in the Ming Dynasty

明代北京的皇族、军队以及广大市民生活所需的劈柴,明政府冬天取暖所需的木炭,再加上各方面需要的建筑材料,多取之于周边的太行山和燕山。由于明统治者十分腐朽,只知砍伐,不知栽植,破坏了山林的再生,至明朝中期,北京周边的山脉已成为童山秃岭,直接导致自然生态恶化。

In the Ming Dynasty,the firewood of daily needs for the royal family,the army and the general public in Beijing,the charcoal for the government to keep warm in winter,in addition to the building timber from all sides,were mostly taken from the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains around Beijing.The rulers in the Ming Dynasty were very corrupt;they cut down trees and never planted,damaging the regeneration system of the forests.By the middle of the Ming Dynasty,the mountains around Beijing had turned into bare hills and mountains,which directly caused the natural ecological deterioration.