海南文昌汉族体质特征

A Study of the Physical Characteristics of the Han People of Hainan

在海南文昌市调查了城市汉族315例(男为150例,女为165例)和乡村汉族407例(男为216例,女为191例)成人的73项体质指标,计算了25项体质指数,统计了指数分型情况,与我国族群资料进行了比较,对海南文昌汉族体质特征进行了初步分析。结果显示:1)文昌汉族有上眼睑皱褶,蒙古褶欠发达,眼裂窄且多呈眼外角高,鼻根高度中等,直鼻梁,鼻基部上翘,鼻翼高度中等,鼻孔最大径斜位,鼻翼宽,耳垂多为圆形、三角形,上唇皮肤部高度中等,红唇较厚,发色黑,肤色、眼色较深。2)文昌汉族男女性均为特圆头型、高头型、中头型、中鼻型。男性还为中面型,女性还为狭面型。3)文昌汉族男女性均为长躯干型、中胸型、中肩型、中骨盆型,男性还为中腿型,女性还为亚短腿型。文昌汉族城市、乡村的男性与女性身高均属于中等身材。4)文昌汉族头面部特征更接近于我国蒙古人种北亚类型族群。从体部指标来看。文昌汉族介于北亚类型族群与南亚类型族群之间,更接近于北亚类型族群。

Eighty-six physical characteristics on 315 urban adults （150 males and 165 females） and 407 rural adults （216 males and 191 females） of Han were investigated in Wenchang County, Hainan. Fifty-one physical indices were calculated and compared with other groups in China. The results were as follows： 1） The percentage of upper eyelid eyefold were high and that of the Mongoloid fold low. The eye slits were thin with external angles mostly higher than internal angles. The nasal root height was of medium type. The nasal profile was straight, the nasal base upturned and the maximal diameter of nostrils oblique. The height of the alae nasi was of medium type and the breadth was of wide type. The lobe were mostly round or triangle. The upper lip skin height was of medium type. Thickness of lips was thick. Hair color was black, and skin color and eye color are dark. 2） Typical physical characteristics of the Han was over- brachycephaly, hypsicephaly, metriocephaly and mesorrhiny. In addition, males were mesoprosopy and females were leptoprosopy. 3） These Han of Hainan had long trunks, medium chest circumference, medium shoulder breadth and medium distance between the iliac crests. In addition, males were mesatiskelic type and females subbrachyskelic type. Rural and urban adults （including males and females） were of mid-stature. 4） The Han characteristics of the head and face were close to the North Asian type of Mongoloid. The characteristics of their body lie between the North Asian type of Mongoloid and the South Asian but more closely to the North Asian type.