扬州地区献血者ABO及Rh血型人群分布及其相关性调查

Investigation of Yangzhou Region Blood Donors＇ ABO and Rh Blood Types Distribution and Correlation

目的探讨扬州地区献血者ABO，Rh血型人群分布状况，并对其相关性进行调查研究。方法选择2010年1月至2011年6月本市中心血站采集的街头无偿献血者血液样本63925例作为研究对象。采用U型微量板法对血液样本进行AB0正、反定型，Rh血型鉴定及分型，Rh阴性确认试验采用3种不同厂家生产的IgG抗D试剂进行抗人球蛋白法确认。计算检测样本基因频率、单倍型频率及预期值，并对表型观察值与预期值进行Y。检验，以此检验Hardy-Weinberg吻合度。结果ABO血型基因频率为r〉p〉q，表型分布特征为O〉A〉B〉AB；Rh表型人群分布为CCDee〉CcDEe〉CcDee〉CCDEE〉caDEe〉CCDEe〉CCDee，ccdee〉Ccdee〉CCdee〉ccdEe〉CcdEe〉ccdEE，单倍型频率为CDe〉cDe〉cDE〉CDE，cde〉Cde〉cdE〉CdE，基因频率特点为D〉d，C〉c，e〉E。经Y。检验，ABO血型与Rh血型的预期值与观察值之间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05），Hardy-Weinberg吻合度良好。结论本地区AB0血型与Rh血型分型人群分布符合群体遗传学中的Hardy-Weinberg群体基因平衡定律。通过对扬州地区的献血者ABO，Rh血型分布调查，可准确掌握扬州地区献血人群的血型分布规律，对于开展无偿献血者招募、合理制定采供血计划和血液储备及稀有血型库的建立均有着重要的参考意义和指导价值。

Objective To Explore Yangzhou blood donors＇ ABO and Rh blood groups distribution and correlation. Methods From January 2010 to June 2011, 63 925 samples collected by Yangzhou blood bank from unpaid blood donors on streets, were enrolled in this study. Positive and negative stereotypes of ABO blood specimens, identification and genotyping of Rh blood group were tested by U-shaped micro-plate methods. Rh negative confirmatory tests were recognized by anti-globulin method using three kinds IgG anti-D reagents from different manufacturers. Samples gene frequencies, haplotype frequencies and expected values were calculated. The phenotypic observed and expected value were compared by the x2 test, to test the Hardy-Weinberg goodness of fit. Results The gene frequencies of ABO blood group were r〉p〉q, phenotype distribution characteristics were O〉A〉B〉 AB; Rh phenotypes population distribution were CCDee〉CcDEe〉 CcDee〉 ccDEE〉 ccDEe〉 CCDEe〉 ccDee, ccdee〉 Ccdee〉 CCdee〉 ccdEe〉 CcdEe〉 ccdEE, haplotype frequencies were CDe：〉cDe〉 cDE〉CDE, cde〉Cde〉 cdE〉CdE, and gene frequencies characteristics were D〉 d, C〉 c, e〉 E. The difference between the expected and observed values of the ABO blood group and Rh blood group were no statistical significance （P〉0. 05）. Hardy-Weinberg, the goodness of fit test results were good. Conclusions The distributions of ABO and Rh blood typing population in this region were in line with the Hardy-Weinberg population-based genetic equilibrium in population genetics. Through the survey of the ABO and Rh blood group distributions in Yangzhou region, we could accurately grasp the law of Yangzhou region blood donors＇blood types distribution, which were contribute for unpaid blood donors recruitment, reasonable blood collection plan development, blood reserves and rare blood types establishment library.