防御低温育苗技术对烤烟一些酶活性及烟叶经济性状的影响

Effects of defense technique for low-temperature seedling production on enzymatic activity and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco

针对粤北及粤东烟区普遍存在的早春低温影响烤烟育苗的问题,以烤烟新品系华烟06为材料,采用在苗床下铺设酿热物进行有氧发酵,并改良营养液配方的防御低温育苗技术,研究其对烤烟大田生长期生理特性及产质量的影响。试验表明:与常规漂浮育苗相比,采用防御低温育苗技术培育的烟苗移栽大田后烟叶中淀粉酶、酸性蔗糖转化酶、硝酸还原酶的活性明显提高。烤后烟叶中水溶性总糖、还原糖、钾、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质含量增加,淀粉含量降低,产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价均优于常规漂浮育苗。同时,在底物中添加发酵剂有明显促进发酵增温的作用。综合分析表明,苗床下铺设2 kg稻草秸秆和24 kg花生麸并添加发酵剂的防御低温育苗技术的效果最好,适合在产区推广应用。

Effects of low-temperature defense seedling production technique on physiological characters, yield and quali-ty of flue-cured tobacco were studied by using a new tobacco line Huayan06 as experimental material. The objective to find solution to avoid low temperature damage in tobacco seedling production in northern and eastern Guangdong tobacco- planting area Results showed that compared with normal seedlings, low-temperature defense seedling technique could ob- viously improve activities of nitrate reductase, invertase, and amylase of leaf after transplant. Content of total sugar, re-ductive sugar, K, total nitrogen, nicotine, and protein content of flue-cured tobacco leaf increased, while content of starch decreased. Yield, output value, average price and percentage of high quality tobacco cultivated this way were all better than those by normal practice. At the same time, adding fermentation agent to substrate had a favorable effect on temperature increase. The best effect was obtained by laving 2 kg rice straw and 24 kg peanut press pulp under seedbed combined with adding fermentation agent, which could be rapidly popularized in large tobacco-planting areas.