肿瘤分子标志物与个体化治疗

Molecular markers of cancer and individualized therapy

个体化治疗的关键是根据肿瘤的分子标志物来选择最佳药物，目前已有研究证实某些分子标志物可以预测药物的有效性，如西妥昔单抗可以使K—ras基因野生型的结直肠癌患者获益；吉非替尼和厄洛替尼可使表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者获益；伊马替尼可使C—KIT基因表达或突变阳性的胃肠道间质瘤患者获益。而在安全性方面，尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶1A1（UGT1A1）基因启动子区序列的多态性可以预测伊立替康的不良反应。

The key of individualized therapy is that using molecular markers to select more suitable drug. At present, some studies have confirmed that certain molecular markers can predict the efficacy of the drugs. For example, cetuximab is beneficial in patients with K-ras wild-type colorectal cancer, gefitinib and erlotinib are beneficial in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer（ NSCLC）, imatinib is beneficial in patients with C-KIT gene-positive gastrointestinal stromal tumor. In terms of safety, the promoter polymorphism of UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 polypeptide A1 （ UGT1 A1 ） can predict the toxicity of irinotecan.