桑斯坦的司法最低限度主义理论、实践与反思

On the Theory,Practice and Reflection of Sunstein's Judicial Minimalism

桑斯坦的司法最低限度主义理论包括程序最低限度主义和实体最低限度主义,其理论意义有消极与积极两个方面:消极意义是减少判决成本和错误成本;积极意义是允许和促进判决民主。司法最低限度主义理论在美国最高法院是通过程序和实体两个方面来实现的:在程序上,最高法院追求窄且浅的判决;在实体上,最高法院强调对宪法核心价值的认同。同时,最高法院的最低限度主义判决有一定的限定条件。桑斯坦的司法最低限度主义理论怀疑法律理性,之所以会产生这样的效果,是因为其基本预设所造成的:政治决定比司法决定更具有民主合法性,法院并不比政治部门更有能力保护个人权利。

The theory of Sunstein＇ s judicial minimalism includes procedural judicial minimalism and substantial judicial minimalism. The significance in theory includes two aspects, that is passive and active. The passive significance is to reduce costs of decision and errors. The active significance is to allow and promote democracy. The theory of judicial minimalism is realized through two aspects of procedure and substance in American supreme court. In procedure, the supreme court pursuits in narrow and shallow decision. In substance, the supreme court emphasizes identification to core constitutional values. At the same time, there is limitation on judicial min- imalism decision of supreme court. The theory of Sustei ＇ s judicial minimalism doesn ＇ t trust in legal rationality. The theory has resulted in such effect for the basic premises,which arc the following in detail. Political decision is more constitutional in democracy than judicial one and the court doesn＇t have more abilities to protect personal rights than political department.