从“斯瓦拉吉”到“罗摩盛世”——甘地印度自治思想的宗教渊源

From "Swaraj" to "Ramaraj"——On the Religious Roots of Gandhi's Thoughts of Self-Goverment

甘地有关印度独立、自治的思想,表现在早期对"斯瓦拉吉"以及后来对"罗摩盛世"的相关论述中。这些自治思想,无论是对西方文明的批判,提倡非暴力抗争,还是对未来理想国的描绘,都借用了印度传统宗教的术语,继承了印度宗教中节制、不杀生的理念。甘地自觉地援用宗教资源,运用民众熟悉的宗教术语与表达,提升了精英化的印度国大党动员底层民众的能力,在推动印度民族独立运动发展的同时,又推进了印度传统宗教的现代性转化。

Gandhi＇ s self - government thoughts is reflected in Hind Swaraj and Ramaraj. Whether it＇ s a critique of Western civilization to promote non - violent, or the idea of future society, Gandhi borrowed ideas and expressions from Indian traditional religions. He was use of traditional religions helping the Congress Party to improve the ability to mobilize ordinary people, but also helping to promote the modem conversion of the Hindu religion. As to evaluate Gandhi＇s self-government thoughts,we should consider the context of the Indian cultural heritage and historical conditions, rather than simply denying its value according to the slandpoint of Western modernization.