不均衡与均衡:中国经济发展的历史与逻辑——兼对十六大以来党关于经济发展思路和政策的考察

Imbalance and Balance:The History and Logic of China's Economic Development:Also an Investigation of the Party's Ideas and Policies on Economic Development since the 16th CPC National Congress

中国作为一个幅员辽阔、人口众多的发展中大国,在赶超型工业化过程中,其经济与社会发展注定是不均衡的。1978 年以前,尽管以毛泽东为代表的第一代中央领导集体试图实现城乡、地区以及社会阶层之间的均衡发展,消除三大差别,但事与愿违。1978 年改革开放以后,以邓小平为代表的第二代中央领导集体实行了让一部分人先富起来、让一部分地区先发展起来的非均衡发展战略,提前实现了 "三步走"战略的第一步。但这也使得发展动力和空间越来越小,内需难以扩大,社会问题也越来越多。进入 21 世纪以后,中共十六大提出了全面建设小康社会的战略,经过近 10 年的发展,在统筹城乡、统筹国际国内、统筹东中西部、实现共同富裕等方面,都取得了长足的进步,形成了以科学发展观为核心的一整套发展思路和政策。

The development of China as a very large and populous developing country is destined to be imbalanced in the initial stage of its industrialization to catch up and surpass the advanced countries. Prior to 1978, the first generation of central collective leadership represented by Mao Zedong tried to realize a balanced development between urban and rural areas, between different regions and between various social strata and to eliminate the ＂three major differences,＂ but things did not turn out the way they wished. Following the initiation of reform and opening up in 1978, the second generation of central collective leadership with Deng Xiaoping as the representative put into practice the strategy of imbalaneed development, allowing some people and some areas to get rich first, thus achieving the first-step goal of the three-step development strategy ahead of schedule. However, the impetus and space of development have been getting increasingly smaller, it is difficult to expand domestic demand and more and more social problems have cropped up. The 16th CPC National Congress held in the new century put forward the strategy of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. After nearly ten years of development the CPC Central Committee has made considerable progress in balancing the development between urban and rural areas and between eastern and western regions, in giving joint consideration to domestic and international situations and in fulfilling common prosperity and formulated in the process a complete set of development ideas and policies with the scientific outlook on development at the core.