“农业六十条”的修订与人民公社的制度变迁

Revisions of the Sixty Articles for Agriculture and the Evolution of the System of the People's Communes

由大公社的制度缺陷造成的农村社会经济的混乱,是催生"六十条"的主要原因。"六十条"的三次修改,通过缩小社队规模、取消公共食堂和供给制、改变农业基本核算单位,否定了"一大二公"的大公社经济制度,最终确立了"三级所有,队为基础"的新体制。"六十条"的修改是党中央与农村基层共同推动的结果,其为城乡二元体制的巩固和工业化的初步实现提供了制度保障。

The social and economic chaos in the rural areas brought about by the institutional deficiencies of the excessive scale of the communes constituted the major factor for the birth of the Regulations on the Work of Rural Peoples Communes （or the Sixty Articles for Agriculture for short）. The revisions for three times of the Regulations were focused respectively on reducing the scale of the communes and production brigades, abolishing public canteens and supply system, and changing the basic accounting unit in agriculture, thus negating the communes＇ system of big size and high degree of public ownership and ultimately establishing the new system of threelevel ownership with the production team as the basic form. The revisions of the Sixty Articles for Agriculture were carried out under the joint impetus from the Party Central Committee and the rural grassroots units ; they provided an institutional guarantee for the consolidation of the urban-rural dual system and the initial fulfillment of industrialization.