鲤抗病育种研究进展

Genetic improvement of disease resistance in common carp

尽管鲤养殖业取得了巨大成就,但病害问题仍然是其发展所面临的一个重要制约因素。病害防控方法,主要有环境防控、药物控制和疫苗法,而运用遗传改良来提高鲤抗病力被认为是一种切实可行的方法。虽然以提高生长为目的的多项鲤育种计划已经取得了成功,但有关抗病育种相关研究仍处于起步阶段。利用鲤群体所存在的有益遗传变异,选择合适的育种方法,积极开展抗病选育应该是今后鲤养殖业所必须关注的重要研究内容。从环境胁迫对抗病性状的影响、抗病性状的遗传学基础、抗病性状与其他性状的关系、抗病性状的测定、抗病育种具体方法等方面较系统地介绍了利用遗传改良来提高鲤抗病力的相关研究进展。研究亮点:抗病力是养殖鱼类一个重要经济性状,但由于基础研究薄弱、有效评价方法缺乏等原因,致使抗病选育工作远落后于以生长等性状为目标的育种研究。本文综述了鲤抗病育种相关研究进展,为鲤和其他鱼类的抗病育种工作提供了重要的参考。

Despite impressive progress in common carp farming during the last years, the impact of fish diseases is still an important problem in aquaculture. Current methods to control diseases consist, among others, of euhural environment control, medication or vaccination. Another alternative approach is to prevent diseases by improving the immune capacity of fish by or genetic selection. Selection breeding has made a great progress for common carp, but only limited to the growth characteristics, and resistance breeding research was only in the initial stage. In the future, common carp industry should focus on using of genetic variation, choosing suitable breeding methods, developing diseases resistance breeding program actively. In this review, stress effects on diseases resistance, genetic basis of diseases resistance, relationship between diseases resistance and other traits, evaluation and and related methods of breeding for the genetic improvement of disease resistance in common carp were given, at last, the paper give some information on the domestic latest progress in related fields.