中国动物园圈养鹤类现状调查及分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Current Status of Captive Cranes in Chinese Zoos

报道了中国动物园协会主要饲养鹤类会员单位的鹤类调查结果,目的是更好地了解中国动物园圈养鹤类的种群数量及目前会员单位鹤类饲养管理的现状、存在的问题与相关需求,从而提高鹤类饲养管理水平,最终形成健康的、可持续发展的种群。本调查于2011年8月向中国动物园协会120家会员单位发出了调查问卷,截止到2011年10月11日共收到中国动物园协会主要饲养鹤类的56家会员单位(包括动物园、野生动物园与自然保护区)的回复(回收率为46.7%)。在回复的56家单位中共饲养鹤类12种1 836只(8只杂交鹤除外)。种群数量比1997年增加了58.4%。近一半的单位认为饲养设施处于一般水平。近80%的鹤类向游客展出,并且大部分都采用成群饲养的展出方式。有85%的单位能够实现个体识别,更多的单位选择脚环和芯片标识鹤类。在人工育雏过程中,雏鹤的腿病和由于混养引起打斗而造成的外伤是存在的主要问题。疾病是造成全国圈养鹤类死亡的主要原因,其次是由于外伤造成骨折引起的死亡。各会员单位希望今后能够开展鹤类性别鉴定、人工育雏、人工授精的培训。根据本次调查结果,提出了8项建议。

This paper reports the results of crane surveys conducted in the member institutions of Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens（CAZG）.The survey aimed at a better understanding of the populations of captive cranes in Chinese zoos and the current situation,problems,and related needs of cranes and management of member institutions.Our goal was to improve crane rearing and management and ultimately to develop healthy and sustainable populations.A questionnaire survey went to 120 member institutions of CAZG in August 2011,and 56 completed（46.7%）questionnaires were retrieved from 56 member institutions by October 11,2011.These were institutions that raise cranes,including zoos,wild animal parks,and nature reserves. According to the survey,there were 1836 cranes（excluding 8 hybrids）of 12 species raised in the 56 member institutions. The population increased by 58.4%from 1997.Facilities in nearly half of the institutions were at a general level.Nearly 80%of the cranes were on exhibit to public and most of them were raised and exhibited in flocks.85%of the institutions could achieve individual recognition.Most of the institutions use band and ID microchips for individual recognition.The main problems in captive rearing period were leg illness among crane chicks and physical wounds caused by fighting in mixed flocks.For captive cranes,the main cause of death is disease,followed by fracture caused by trauma.Member institutions hope to carry out relevant training on sex determination,artificial brood and insemination of cranes.According to the survey results,8 recommendataions were proposed.