光系统Ⅱ的结构与功能以及光合膜对环境因素的响应机制

Structure and Function of Photosystem Ⅱ and the Environmental Response of Photosynthetic Membrane

光合膜是地球上捕获、转换和利用太阳能的关键场所,光合膜的活动所提供的能源、粮食及氧气,是人类世界赖以生存的基础。经过35亿年的进化,光合膜已经进化成了一个高度精密的结构,色素分子高密度结合并合理排列,具有高精度的能级耦联网络和高效率的能量传递系统,这使得光合膜成为自然界中能够最高效地吸收和传递太阳能、并能在常温常压下高效地将太阳能转换成化学能和还原势的色素蛋白复合体体系。由于这一特性,光合膜被认为是最有潜力的固定太阳能的新材料,并为研究新型光电转换器件提供了新思路和新理论。因此,长期以来,光合膜的结构-功能关系研究及其功能模拟,特别是执行固定和转化太阳能第一步的光系统Ⅱ,在新能源的利用中吸引了大量的研究力量,取得了突飞猛进的进展。本文总结了近年来关于光系统Ⅱ的结构与功能,以及光合膜对环境的感应和功能调节机制等方面的研究进展。

Photosynthetic membrane is the key place on earth where the solar energy is captured, conversed and utilized to provide material, energy and oxygen for the survival of mankind. After 3.5 billion years of evolution, photosynthetic membrane has evolved into a highly sophisticated structure combined with high density of pigment molecules in reasonable arrangement to form a high accuracy energy coupling network and efficient energy transfer system, which makes the photosynthetic membranes the most efficient pigment-protein system for solar energy absorption and conversion, even at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure. Because of this characteristic, photosynthetic membrane is considered the most promising material to harness solar energy which provides new ideas and theory for the study of new type of photovoltaic apparatus. For a long time, great effort has been made to study the relationship between structure and function of photosynthetic membrane, the bionics of photosystem membrane and especially the photosystem Ⅱ, where the first redox reaction for harness and conversion of the solar energy occurs. The recent achievements on the structural and functional relationship of photosynthetic membranes have been summarized here.