磺胺类兽药对土壤微生物数量的影响

The impact of sulfonamide veterinary drugs on soil microbes quantity

采用室内培养的方法,研究磺胺类兽药(磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑)污染对土壤微生物数量(细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌、兼气性固氮菌、硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌及氨化细菌)的影响.结果表明,磺胺类兽药对土壤细菌数量有一定的激活作用,其最大激活率在700%以上.兽药对土壤真菌数量的影响主要呈现抑制作用,其最高抑制率为92.9%.兽药对土壤放线菌数量有一定的抑制作用,对土壤固氮菌数量则有一定的激活作用.兽药对土壤兼气性固氮菌数量的影响表现为较低浓度时(10 mg.kg-1)抑制,而较高浓度时(50 mg.kg-1)则激活.兽药对土壤硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌及氨化细菌有一定的激活作用,其中对硝化细菌的最大激活率可达1000%以上.

The effects of veterinary sulfonamides（sulfamethazine,sulfamethoxazole） pollution on soil microbes quantity（bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,nitrogen-fixing bacteria,aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria,nitrifying bacteria,nitrosomonas bacteria,denitrifying bacteria and ammonification bacteria） were studied by indoor cultivating.The results show that soil bacteria was activated by veterinary sulfonamides,the maximum activation rate reached above 700%.The effects on soil fungi were mainly for inhibition by veterinary drugs,the maximum inhibition rate reached 92.9%.Soil actinomycetes was inhibited and nitrogen-fixing bacteria was activation by veterinary drugs.The effects on soil aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria show inhibition at low level（10 mg · kg-1） and activation at high level（50 mg · kg-1） by veterinary drugs.The effects on soil nitrifying bacteria,nitrosomonas bacteria,denitrifying bacteria and ammonification bacteria show activation by veterinary drugs,and the maximum activation rate of nitrifying bacteria reached above 1000%.