飞行员营养素现状的研究

Study on the current situation of nutrients in pilots

目的旨在探讨和掌握我军飞行员营养素现状,为我军飞行员制定科学合理的膳食营养标准提供可信数据。方法采用称量法对2765名飞行员进行了膳食营养调查。①调查和比较了2685名歼击机和运输机飞行员心肺功能、体能指数,以及每人每日摄入食物含量、产能营养素及非产能营养素的变化,同时还观察了230名高脂血症飞行员入院前后的变化。②调查和比较了60名高性能歼击机飞行员飞行日及不飞行日的营养素。③对30名高性能歼击机飞行员飞行日、不飞行日及疗养期间一日能量生活跟踪观察,计算飞行员一日生活和工作所耗能量。结果①通过对2765名飞行员膳食营养调查发现,飞行员膳食结构基本合理,摄入食物总量、产能、非产能营养素偏高(P<0.01),心肺功能及体能指数较入院前明显提高,血脂升高者也明显下降(P<0.01)。②高性能歼击机飞行员飞行日和不飞行日热能供给量远高于国军标中规定之范围,与三大营养配分比例相比,脂肪明显偏高,碳水化合物明显偏低。③通过一日生活观察法发现,飞行员一日能量消耗也高于目前国军标中规定的营养素供给量的下限。结论飞行员膳食营养应根据人体代谢特点及飞行需要科学安排,合理搭配;在飞行日的膳食配备上应高热能、高碳水化合物、高维生素、中等量脂肪和蛋白质膳食,才能满足现代飞机特性对飞行员营养素的要求;同时建议上级有关部门研究制定新的《飞行员营养素供给标准》。

Objective To investigate and grasp the nutrient situation among the military pilots so as to provide credible data to establish scientific and reasonable standard of dietary nutrition.Methods 2 765 pilots were surveyed about dietary nutrition by weighing method. （1） Cardiopulmonary function, fitness index and diet content per day per person of 2 685 fighter and aerotransport pilots were surveyed and com pared.The variations of energyproducing nutrients and nonenergyproducing nutrients were compared.Variations of 230 pilots with hyperlipi demia before and after their admission were also surveyed. （2）The nutrients of 60 high performance fighter pilots were surveyed and compared in flight days and nonflight days.（3）The life of 30 high performance fighter pilots in a day was tracked and surveyed in flight days, nonflight days and a day in sanatorium.The energy which was consumed to meet a day＇s life and work was counted.Results （1）Through the survey of dietary nutrition among 2 765 pilots, it was found that the diet structure of pilots was generally reasonable.The gross intake amount of diet, energyproducing nutrients and nonenergyproducing nutrients were high（P〈 0.01 ）.Cardiopulmonary function and fitness index were relatively increased, and the hyperlipidemia was evidently declined（P〈 0.01 ）. （2）Energy supply of high performance fighter pilots in flight days and nonflight days was evidently higher than the normal standard of the national military.Compared with the three nutrition partition rate, fat was evidently high and carbohydrate was evidently low. （3）Through the oneday observation method, pilots＇ daily energy consumption was higher than the minimum level of recommended dietary allowance stated in the standard of the national military.Conclusion Pilots＇ dietary nutrition must be arranged scientifically according to the characteristics of human＇s metabolism and flight＇s demand.During flight days, diets with high energy, high carbohydrate, high vitamin, moderate fat and protein should be given to meet modem aeroplane characteristic demand for pilots＇ nutrition.It is suggested that superior departments study and work out a new set of Pilot＇s Nutrition Supply Standard.