云南省水稻土壤养分丰缺指标及肥料利用率研究

Study on Soil Nutrient Rich-lack Index and Fertilizer Using Efficiency of Rice in Yunnan Province

通过对云南省303组水稻试验结果总结分析,建立水稻土壤养分丰缺指标并测算水稻肥料利用率。结果表明,以极低、低、中、高、较高5级划分标准,氮地力养分丰缺指标为<65、65～100、100～160、160～250、>250 mg/kg,磷地力养分丰缺指标为<5、5～10、10～20、20～40、>40 mg/kg,钾地力养分丰缺指标为<30、30～50、50～100、100～150、>150 mg/kg,与第2次土壤普查相比,水稻土壤碱解氮含量增加40～100 mg/kg,有效磷含量不变,速效钾含量下降20～50 mg/kg。水稻氮肥利用率24.7%,磷肥利用率39.9%,钾肥利用率30.7%。

By analyzing the results of 303 rice field experiments in Yunnan province, the soil nutrient rich-lack index and fertilizer using effi- ciency were determined. The results indicated that the nutrient rich-lack index of nitrogen was 〈 65, 65 -100, 100 -160, 160 -250, 〉 250 mg/kg with the rank of very low, low, medium, high, very high; and phosphorus rich-lack index was 〈 5, 5 - 10, 10 - 20, 20 - 40, 〉40 mg/kg,and potassium rich-lack index was 〈30, 30 -50, 50 -100, 100 -150, 〉150 mg/kg. Compared with the Second Soil Sur- vey, the nutrient contents of nitrogen were increased by 40 - 100 mg/kg, that of phosphorus was the same and potassium were reduced by 50 mg/kg. Fertilizer using efficiency of nitrogen, phosphams and potassium were 24.7 % ,39.9 % and 30.7 %, respectively.