小叶榕叶幕结构与其降温增湿作用研究

Study on Effect of Cooling and Humidification and Canopy Structure of Ficus microcarpa

试验选择四川省雅安市四川农业大学校园内3种不同叶幕结构的小叶榕(冠径为4 m×4 m、6 m×6 m、8 m×8 m)为研究对象,以草坪作为对照,在8月晴朗天气条件下,对不同冠径小叶榕叶幕与叶幕结构之间的关系及其在离地1.5 m处的温湿度进行了观测,并对差异进行了分析。结果表明,在8月晴朗天气条件下,冠径为8 m×8 m的叶幕降温增湿效果最好,昼平均温度呈现:草坪>4 m×4 m>6 m×6 m>8 m×8 m的趋势,昼平均相对湿度呈现:8 m×8 m>6 m×6 m>4 m×4 m>草坪的趋势。在晴天高温时段(14:00～16:00),8 m×8 m的温度比草坪低2.6℃,相对湿度比草坪高23%,经方差分析,3种叶幕结构降温增湿效果与草坪相比均达到显著水平(α=0.05)。

In this trial, taken three kinds of different canopy structure of F/cus m/crocarpa （crown diameter： 4 m x4 m, 6 m x6 m and 8 m x 8 m） from the campus of Sichuan Agricultural University in Ya＇an city of Sichuan as tested materials, using grass lawn as control, the re- ]atlonship bvtwecn canopy and canopy structure of Ficgs microcarpa were studied, and air temperature and relative humidity in 1.5 m were measured and the differences were analyzed under sunny weather condition of August. The results showed that under sunny weather condition of August, the best effect of cooling and humidifying was the crown diameter of 8 m x 8 m, the average daily temperature was in the order of lawn 〉 4 m × 4 m 〉 6 m × 6 m 〉 8 m × 8 m, the average daily relative humidity was in the order of 8 m × 8 m 〉 6 m × 6 m 〉 4 m × 4 m 〉 lawn. In the high temperature duration of the sunny day（ 14：00 - 16：00）, compared with the lawn, the temperature of 8 m x 8 m was 2. 6 ℃ lower and the RH was 23 % higher, the temperature and RH of three canopy structure were significantly different at 0.05 level com- pared with grass lawn.