北京建城区公园绿地的房产增值效应评估

The Value-added Effect of Park Green Space on Residential Property in Beijing

本文首先采用问卷调查获取了北京城区15个公园周边76个居住小区的房地产资料,然后采用享乐价格法分析了公园对房地产价格的影响距离及其增值系数,最后基于北京市2009年第七次园林绿化资源普查数据,评估了建成区1.81万hm2公园绿地对周边土地增值的影响。结果表明:在北京建成区,公园绿地能明显影响附近房地产价格,平均增值系数达10.9%,不过这种增值作用仅能影响到距离公园1.38km内的居住用地。据此推算,北京市建城区公园绿地能够促进12.56万hm2土地升值,增值的总价值为55.02亿元/a,约合单位面积公园绿地增值43.79万元/(hm2a),相当于特级绿地养护管理标准的2倍多(15元/(m2a))。该研究对于揭示绿地资源的社会经济价值以及建设管理决策方面具有重要参考意义。

Owing to the rapid growth of urban population, residential demand for green space has increased in recent years. Many people are willing to pay a large amount for a property located close to a park than for a house that does not offer this amenity. A large number of notions that parks have a positive impact on proximate property values have been recognized abroad. However, few studies evaluate the effect of park green space on property values in China. In this study, we first investigated prices of 76 residential quarters around 15 parks in Beijing; then we analyzed the impact distance of parks on house price and the value-added coefficient with hedonic price model and studied the influence of park green space on estate value distance with two function analysis method; at last, we estimated the impacts of 18,100 hm 2 of park green space in build up area of Beijing on the value added of surrounding lands based on the inventory data of urban green space in Beijing（2009）. In addition, Geographic information system（GIS） drawing auxiliary was used to calculate the potential area of Beijing city park green space, which influences the real estate price. The results show that the appreciation of housing prices presents close relation with the distance, as distance increases it decreases gradually. Nevertheless, the average effect distance is just 1.38 km. The location of park also influences the economic effect of parks on property value, the increasing rate of housing price decreasing from inner urban area to the city outskirt, and the average appreciation coefficient is 10.9 %. Based on this, it is estimated that the park green space in Beijing city could promote the appreciation of 12,5600 hm 2 of lands, which covers 7.66% of the administrative area. According to the residential land price in 2009, the park green space has provided 5.502 billion RMB for the residential land earnings, with annual average appreciation of 0.44 million RMB per hectare, which is two times as the special level maintenance cost of green paces. This study can contribute to the location of residential development and the planning and management of urban green spaces.