清末分娩场域的嬗变

Changes of Delivery Places in Late Qing Dynasty

中国传统社会里妇人分娩,其场域多设在家中,除延请从事收生或有生产经验的妇人介入外,一般都是在家人或亲属的监控协助下完成整个过程。随着西方近代接生法在中国的推广,中国传统分娩场域出现了新的变化:分娩场地迁移至医院,男性医者开始活跃在分娩第一线上,器械等也介入产程中。同时,近代接生法也因降低了难产伤亡率,渐渐为时人所认可,从而实现了分娩场域从私密空间-家庭到公开领域-医院的逐步转变。

In Chinese ancient society, the delivery place for women was usually at home. Apart from inviting a midwife or women who had delivery experience, the family members or relatives would supervise and assist the whole delivery process. With the spread of modern western delivery method, the traditional delivery place in China changed. The place transformed to modern hospitals. Male physicians started to be active at the forefront of the delivery and medical instruments were also involved in the delivery process. At the meanwhile, the modern delivery method became admissive gradually for it decreased the casualty rate due to dystocia. And thus the gradual change of delivery place from private space （household） to public place （hospital） was realized.