梨园套种平菇对土壤生物活性及果实品质的影响

Influence of interplanting Pleurotus ostreatus on soil biological activity and fruit quality in pear orchard

【目的】为探明套种平菇对梨园土壤生物活性及梨果实品质的影响,【方法】在7 a生梨树行间覆土套种平菇,将出菇后的菇渣旋耕还田,以不套种平菇为对照,测定分析梨园0～60 cm不同土层中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量,微生物量碳、量氮,脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及成熟梨果实品质。【结果】结果表明,套种平菇显著提高0～40 cm土层3大类群土壤微生物数量、生物量及脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性,并随套种年限的增加趋于增加。连续3 a套种平菇处理的细菌、放线菌、真菌数量较对照提高47.4%、32.0%、125.1%;微生物量碳、量氮比对照提高25.6%、28.1%;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性提高42.3%、47.2%、29.5%、11.6%。土壤微生物数量、生物量、脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性随土层加深均有所降低,而过氧化氢酶活性则呈升高趋势。套种平菇后能不同程度改善果实品质,显著提高了梨果单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量,降低了可滴定酸含量。【结论】套种平菇对提高梨园0～40 cm土层土壤肥力、改善梨品质有显著效果。

[Objective] The objective of the study is to elucidate the effect of the interplanting Pleurotus ostreatus on orchard soil biological activity and the quality of pear fruit. [Method] Pleurotus ostreatus was interplanted in the 7 a pear orchard and the medium was put into soil by rotary tillage after harvest, and the investigation of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungus, microbial biomass C ,microbial biomass N, urease, sucrase, phosphatase and catalase activity in 0 to 60 cm soil layer and the pear fruit quality were carried out with non-interplanting as a control. [Result] The results showed that soil microbial quantity, biomass, urease, sucrase, phosphatase and catalase activity increased significantly by interplanting Pleurotus ostreatus. Bacteria, actinomycetes and fungus in the treatment of interplanting for 3 years increased 47.4%, 32.0% and 125.1% , respectively compared to control; microbial biomass C and N increased 25.6% , 28.1%; urease, sucrase, ph0sphatase and catalase activity increased 42.3%, 47.2%, 29.5% and 11.6%. Soil microbial quantity, biomass, urease activity, sucrase activity and phosphatase activity decreased with