扁桃果实发育期果肉组织糖含量及相关酶活性的变化

Changes of sugar content and related enzyme activities in the flesh of developing almond fruit

【目的】为提高扁桃质量而了解扁桃果实发育过程中糖代谢状况十分必要。【方法】以‘晋扁1号’扁桃（Amygdalus communis L．）为试材，测定了其果实发育过程中果肉组织糖含量及相关酶活性的动态变化。【结果】结果表明，扁桃果实中总糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、葡萄糖含量表现为前期高，后期低；果糖含量变化不大，果实成熟时迅速增加；淀粉含量前期快速升高，后期呈波动状态，维持较高水平。酸性转化酶（AI）和淀粉酶均在幼果期达到最大值，后期降低；蔗糖合成酶（SS合成方向）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性在整个果实发育期表现为前期弱，后期强；山梨醇氧化酶（SOX）和山梨醇脱氢酶（SDH）活性前期很强，后期降低。相关性分析结果表明，AI、淀粉酶、SOX、SDH活性与总糖含量有显著的负相关，AI、SOX、SDH活性与淀粉含量呈极显著的负相关。【结论】由此可知花后15～45d是‘晋扁1号’扁桃田间管理的关键时期。

[Objective]In order to improve fruit quality,it is necessary to understand the fruit sugar metabolism in almond during fruit development. [Method]The contents of total sugar, sucrose, sorbitol, glucose, fructose, starch and the activities of sugar-metabolizing enzymes, including acid invertase （AI）, amylase, sucrose synthase （SS）, sucrose phosphate synthase （SPS）, sorbitol oxidase （SOX） and sorbitol dehydrogenase （SDH） in the fruit flesh of ‘Jinbian No. 1＇ almond were determined. [Result]The results showed that the contents of total sugar, sucrose, sorbitol and glucose were higher at the early stage than at the late stage; The content of fructose showed little changes at the early stage, but obviously increased during the maturation period; the content of starch rose quickly at the early stage, and maintained a higher level at the late stage. The activities of AI and amylase reached the highest on the 15th day after anthesis, but decreased at the late stage; the activities of SS and SPS showed a similar change pattern with lower ac- tivities at the early stage and higher at the late stage; the activities of SOX and SDH showed higher at the early stage, but reduced at the late stage. The correlation analysis showed that the activities of AI and amylase had significantly negative correlation with the total sugar content; the activity of AI had extremely significantly negative correlation with the starch content; the activities of SOX and SDH had significantly negative correlation with the total sugar content, and had extremely significantly negative correlation with the starch content. [Conclusion] It was recommended that 15 to 45 days after anthensis was the key period for field management in almond production.