人类卵巢组织冷冻保存及其评价的研究进展

Cryopreservation of Human Ovarian Tissue and It's Evaluation

恶性肿瘤及其治疗过程可能导致女性患者的卵巢功能衰竭,而卵巢组织冷冻保存使这些患者的生育储备以及生殖、内分泌功能的保存成为可能,具有重要的现实意义和广阔的应用前景。目前,卵巢组织冷冻保存技术包括慢速冷冻法、快速冷冻法和玻璃化冷冻法。卵巢组织冻融后主要通过组织学光镜观察卵母细胞和颗粒细胞形态;电镜下观察卵母细胞和间质细胞的线粒体、内质网、核膜和核染色质等超微结构改变评价冻融的影响;冻融组织培养后主要通过观察各卵泡,包括卵泡的直径大小、颗粒细胞的形态和层数、以及卵泡腔和透明带的形成和培养液中激素的含量等评价组织生长发育潜能;通过组织移植技术,检测移植宿主内分泌功能或生殖和内分泌功能的恢复是评价冻存复苏成败的重要指标和目标。

Malignancy itself and its radiotherapy or chemotherapy result in premature ovarian failure. The cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may restore fertility and endocrine function for those patients,which is an important clinical technique. Laboratory methods of ovarian cryopreservation include slow-rate freezing,ultra- rapid cooling and vitrification. The histological morphology of oocytes and granular cells was observed by optical microscope after freezing and thawing ovarian tissue. Effect of freezing and thawing procedures on the uhrastructure of oocytes and interstitial cells,including mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum,karyotheca, chromatin and so on,was evaluated by electron microscope. The potentiality of growth and development of ovarian tissue after culture was evaluated by oocyte diameter,shape and amount of granular cells,formation of follicular cavity and zona pellucida,hormonal levels in culture medium. It is the major index and goal to detect endocrinal function and reproductive recovery after tissue transplantation with the cryopreservated ovarian tissue.