海南琼中县什运乡土壤养分状况研究

Soil Nutrient Status at Zhayun,Qiongzhong County of Hainan Province

在海南琼中县什运乡采集土壤样品276个,系统测定pH值及氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌、硼等含量,按第2次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准和全国农业技术推广服务中心微量元素含量分析要求,对其进行养分状况评价。结果表明,什运乡土壤酸性强;有机质和全氮含量处于中等水平,但土壤碱解氮较高,处于中等偏上水平;无论是全量水平,还是有效态水平,土壤磷、钾含量均处于低至极低水平;中、微量营养元素分布不一,交换性钙含量高而交换性镁含量低,有效锌含量丰富而有效硼含量缺乏。鉴于海南中部山区退化较为严重的土壤养分状况,在发展热带现代农业种植过程中,应增强用地养地意识,充分应用测土配方施肥成果,增施有机肥,合理使用化肥,优化养分施用比例,促进种植业的可持续发展。

A study on soil nutrient status at Zhayun, Qiongzhong County of Hainan Province was conducted and 276 soil samples were collected to determine pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron contents in November, 2007. The results showed that： （1） Of the 276 collected soil samples, 235 ranged from 4.6 to 5.5 and 21 from 5.5 to 6.5, apparently, the soils had strong acidity; （2） Soil organic matter ranged from 0125 to 34.0 g/kg with a mean of 17.0 g/kg, which was ranked in the middle level; （3） Soil total nitrogen ranged from 0.33 to 2.07 g/kg and available nitorgen ranged from 60-150 mg/kg; （4） Soil phosphorus contents, whatever in total form or available form were extremely low ranged from 0.171 to 0.384 g/kg with a mean of 0.231 g/kg and from 0.3 to 54.2 mg/kg with a mean of 4.4 mg/kg for total P and available P, respectively; （5） Both total potassium and available potassium were extremely deficient ranged from 0.58 to 19.08 g/kg with a mean of 4.42 g/kg and from 13.9 to 362.5 mg/kg with a mean of 65,5 mg/kg for total K and available K, respectively; （6） Soil exchangeable calcium were relatively high with a mean of 740.4 mg/kg while soil exchangeable magnesium were low with a mean of 68.4 mg/kg; （7） As micronutrients, available zinc in the soil was high with a mean of 1.85 mg/kg and soil boron was extremely low with a mean value of 0,128 mg/kg.