叶面配施镁锌钼对银杏苗叶生长和药用品质的影响

Leaf Growth and Medicinal Quality of Ginkgo Seedling with Spraying Mg,Zn,Mo Fertilizers

以两年生银杏苗为研究对象,采用室内模拟与盆栽试验相结合的方法,研究了叶面配施低、中、高浓度的镁、锌、钼对银杏叶产量和药用成分含量及其产量的影响,以明确叶用银杏叶面微肥中镁锌钼的适宜浓度。结果显示:(1)镁锌钼配施能提高单叶面积、叶片厚度、单株叶面积和叶生物量,并以配施组合Mo3(2%Mg+0.3%Zn+0.1%Mo)对叶生物量的提高幅度较大(64.9%)。(2)中锌中钼配施镁肥对银杏叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量的正效应随着镁肥喷施浓度的增加而降低,中镁中钼配施锌肥、中镁中锌配施中钼对叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖含量的正效应随着配施肥料浓度的升高而降低,而可溶性蛋白含量与配施肥料浓度呈正相关。(3)镁锌钼配施能提高叶片总黄酮、萜内酯含量,以及单株总黄酮和萜内酯产量,以配施组合Mo3对单株总黄酮、萜内酯产量的提高幅度最大,分别为2.96倍和1.70倍。(4)配施高浓度的肥料(Mg4、Zn4和Mo4)不同程度地降低了镁锌钼配施对部分指标的正效应。研究表明,配施适当浓度的镁锌钼叶面肥可在一定程度促进银杏苗叶绿素合成,上调可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质等初生代谢物质积累,改善其叶片生长和药用品质,提高叶产量及药用品质构成要素;微肥2%Mg+0.3%Zn+0.1%Mo是本试验条件下提高银杏叶产量、药用成分含量和产量较为理想的叶肥组合。

The study was intended to discuss suitable spraying amount of Mg, Zn, Mo for high yield and good quality of leaf-use ginkgo. Effects of spraying different levels of Mg, Zn, Mo fertilizers on leaf yield and medicinal quality of two-year-old ginkgo seedlings were tested by indoor stimulation experiment and pot experiment. The main results were submitted as fellows： （1）Combining application of Mg,Zn,Mo fer- tilizers increased leaf thickness,leaf area, single plant leaf area,leaf biomass. The best treatment was Mo3 （2% Mg-~0.3% Zn＋0.1% Mo） increasing 64.9% leaf biomass compared with that of control. （2）Positive effect of combining Mg with Zn, Mo fertilizers on chlorophyll, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents decreased with the increasing of Mg concentration. The same was also the effects of combining Zn with Mg, Mo fertilizers and combining Mo with Mg, Zn fertilizers on chlorophyll, soluble sugar contents. In con- trast, the effects on soluble protein content correlated positively with Zn or Mo concentration. （3）Combi- ning application of Mg,Zn,Mo fertilizers increased total [avonoid and terpene lactones contents, total {la-vonoid and terpene lactones yields per plant. The best treatment was Mo3 increasing 296% total flavonoid yield per plant and 170% total terpene lactones yield per plant compared with that of control. （4）High con- centration fertilizers as Mg4, Zn4 and Mo4 decreased positive effect combining application of Mg, Zn and Mo fertilizers on some indexes in different degree.. The results indicate that appropriate combined fertiliza- tion management can increase chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein contents and improve ginkgo growth and medicinal quality which increase component factors of leaf yield and medicinal quality. In the experiment,Mo3 was the perfect combination in order to increase ginkgo leaf yield and medicinal composi- tion content and yield.