224例流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of 224 Japanese B encephalitis patients

目的分析224例流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)的流行特征,为进一步做好乙脑的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用快速IgM抗体捕捉ELISA进行患者血清或脑脊液的乙脑抗体检测,结合临床表现予以诊断。对确诊病例利用Excel软件进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2001-2010年共收集疑似乙脑患者血清/脑脊液标本626份,阳性224例,检出率为35.78%,脑脊液的阳性检出率略高于血清。男女比例为1.24:1,好发年龄为10岁以下及50岁以上,发病者多数在农村。发病时间7-10月,发病高峰集中在8月。结论开展乙脑病例监测,在高发地区及农村进行重点控制,加强宣传教育和增强灭蚊、防蚊意识,加强中老年人的乙脑疫苗免疫接种,是降低乙脑发病率的必要措施。

Objective In order to provide information for prevent and control of Japanese B encephalitis （JE）, we analyzed the epidemic features of 224 JE patients. Methods A rapid IgM capture ELISA was used for JE antibodies detection from serum or cerebrospinal fluid. The epidemic characteristics were analyzed by Microsoft Excel. Results During the year of 2001 to 2010, a total of 224 JE patients were detected positive, which is 35.78% of all cases our laboratory received. The positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid is slightly higher than the serum. Male to female ratio is 1.24：1. The high incidence age is under 10 years old and above 50 years old and most of the patients live in rural areas. The JE incidence occurs mainly from July to October and peaks in August. Conclusion Monitoring of the Japanese encephalitis, controlling the disease in the regions with high incidence and rural areas, strengthen publicity and education, enhancing the awareness of anti-mosquito, and strengthening of the JE vaccination of the elderly are necessary measures to reduce the JE incidence.