用生态学思维重构传统农学学科:生产生态学的角色

Using ecology thinking reconstructing traditional agronomy:Role of production ecology

传统农学学科与专业源于近代试验科学的还原论思维,并在工业革命巨大成功的推动下不断分化,失去了对农业生物与资源环境关系即农业生态系统机制的整体把握;而且,由于过多依赖外源化石能源的投入和若干高产作物品种的单一种植,不断丧失农业内部可持续性,使人类面临粮食安全和食品安全的双重危机.因此,农学学科及其教育体系的重构日益迫切.将农学与生态学联姻,建立以农业生态学为核心理论、农业生态系统管理为核心技术,特别是创建"生产生态学",以之融合农学学科下属2个二级学科"作物栽培学与耕作学"与"作物遗传育种学"之间的鸿沟,将从意识论和方法论上为真正地实施农业可持续发展战略奠定学科、科学和教育基础.

Traditional agronomy,as a discipline or specialty,is originated from the reductionism thinking of neoteric experimental sciences and motivated by the great success of industrialized revolution,but loses the ensemble grasp of the relationships between agricultural organisms and their resources and environment,i.e.,agroecosystem mechanism.Moreover,due to the excessively relying on exogenous fossil energy input and the monoculture with a few highly productive crop cultivars,the agricultural interior sustainability has unceasingly lost,making our mankind facing the double crises of grain security and food safety.Therefore,it is imperative to reconstruct the traditional agronomy and its educational system.In this paper,the author proposed to link traditional agronomy with ecology,establishing agroecology as the core subject and agroecosystem management as the core applied system,and in particular,establishing ＇production ecology＇ to fill up the wide gap between the crop cultivation and farming system and the crop genetics and breeding,the two second grade disciplines under agronomy.Ideologically and methodologically,this proposal could provide disciplinary,scientific,and educational bases to authentically implement the strategy of sustainable development of agriculture.