海勤人员疲劳状况及其影响因素研究

Fatigue status and influencing factors in ship personnel

目的 探讨海勤人员疲劳状况及其影响因素.方法 对467名海勤人员采用疲劳评定量表、艾森克个性问卷、特质应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表和症状自评量表进行测评分析.结果 海勤人员疲劳评定量表因子1、因子2、因子3评分显著低于慢性疲劳综合征患者,因子4评分显著高于慢性疲劳综合征患者（P＜0.01）,因子1评分显著高于健康对照组（P＜0.05）;不同衔级海勤人员因子1、因子2、因子3评分差异均有极显著性（P＜0.01）,C组因子1、因子2、因子3评分均显著高于A组和B组;不同专业海勤人员因子3评分差异有极显著性（P＜0.01）,潜水员因子3评分显著低于其他专业.海勤人员疲劳评定量表因子1、因子2、因子3评分与艾森克个性问卷的精神质、神经质维度分呈显著正相关（P＜0.05或0.01）,与内外向、掩饰性维度分呈显著负相关（P＜0.05或0.01）;因子1、因子3评分与特质应对方式问卷积极应对因子分呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,因子1、因子2、因子3评分与消极应对因子分呈显著正相关（P＜0.05或0.01）;因子1、因子3评分与社会支持评定量表主观支持、支持利用度维度分呈显著负相关（P＜0.05或0.01）,因子4评分与客观支持维度分呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）;因子1、因子2、因子3评分与症状自评量表各因子分均呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）.影响海勤人员疲劳状况的心理社会因素结构方程模型总体上拟合较好,对疲劳状况的总效应按影响大小依次为人格特征、应对方式、心理健康、社会支持.结论 海勤人员疲劳严重程度明显高于健康人群,其疲劳状况受人格特征、应对方式、社会支持及心理健康状况等多种因素的综合影响.

Objective To explore fatigue status and influencing factors in ship personnel. Methods Assessments were carried out in 467 ship personnel with the Fatigue Assessment Instrument （FAD, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire （TCSQ）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90）. Results Factor 1, 2 and 3 score of the FAI were significantly lower and factor 4 higher in ship personnel than patients with chronic fatigue syndrome （P〈0.01）, factor 1 higher than healthy controls （P〈0.05） ; there were very significant differences in factor 1,2 and 3 score among ship personnel with different ranks （P〈0.01）, factor 1, 2 and 3 score were significantly higher in group C than group A and group B; there was very significant difference in factor 3 score among ship personnel with different professions （P〈0.01）, factor 3 score was significantly lower in divers than other professions. Factor 1, 2 and 3 score were significantly positively related to P and N sore of the EPQ （P〈0.05 or 0.01） and negatively to E and L （P〈0.05 or 0.01） ; factor 1 and 3 score were significantly negatively related to positive coping score of the TCSQ （P〈0.01）, factor 1, 2 and 3 positively to negative coping （P〈0.05 or 0.01） ; factor 1 and 3 score were significantly negatively related to subjective support and support availability of the SSRS （P〈0.05 or 0.01）, factor 4 positively to objective support （P〈 0.01） ; factor 1, 2 and 3 score were significantly positively related to each factor score of the SCL-90 （P〈 0.01）. Total fitting of structural equation model of psychosocial factors influencing fatigue status in ship personnel was better, total effect on fatigue status personality characteristics, coping style, mental health and social support in turn according to influence. Conclusion Fatigue severity is notably higher in ship personnel than healthy population and their fatigue status is influenced by comprehensive effect of various factorssuch as personality characteristics, coping style, social support and mental health.