清代前期解池的“畦归商种”问题

The Issue of “Merchants Handling the Manufacturing and Distribution of Salt” in Xiechi in Early Qing Dynasty

解池的经营源远流长,其所有制在历代大致以官控形态为主,至多在产权上有所放松,以利"丰产"。明代已出现商民自备工本参与生产的变革,在此基础上,清代前期解池的产权进一步放松,演进为"畦归商种"。施行"畦归商种"后,解池成为清初恢复和发展较快的产盐地之一。但是由于清政府的不断加引和增课,最终导致了解池经营的周期性疲惫。在解池经营出现不可收拾的局面而又别无良策的情况下,"课归地丁"改革又被提上了日程。

Xiechi, with a long history in salt production, was mostly govemment owned throughout history, except that government might relax control on the property right sometimes to increase production. The change that merchants handled the manufacturing with their own means of production appeared in Ming Dynasty. In early Qing Dynasty, government control to Xiechi was further relaxed, so that the system of ＂merchants handling the manufacturing and distribution of salt＂ was developed. Owing to the implementation of the system, Xiechi became one of the salt production sites that recovered and developed relatively faster in early Qing Dynasty. But the successive increase of salt yin and tax finally resulted in its periodical recession. When Xiechi was in the serious bankruptcy govemment unable to dispose of the reform that salt workers owned the salt production field and paid the tax was again put on the agenda.