气候变暖下四川气候响应及对紫茎泽兰入侵之影响

Response of Sichuan Climate to the Global Warming and Its Influence on Invasion of Eupatorium Adenophorum

四川地处中亚热带,气候温暖湿润。地形地貌复杂,是一个以山地和丘陵为主的农业大省,山地和丘陵约占全省总土地面积的70%。适宜的气候和广阔的农耕土地适宜于农耕,也为外来有害生物的入侵创造了良好的生境。在四川主要农区的川西南山地和四川盆地,于上个世纪80年代中期,一种以紫茎泽兰为代表的入侵性有毒杂草,通过大陆间外来物种的交换和迁徙,先由经云南侵入到攀西与之接壤处,继而快速扩散蔓延,在适宜的气候生态环境下,经短短的20多年时间形成了漫山遍野多处密集成片的单一优势群落,泛滥成灾。随着气候变暖波动变化的加快,紫茎泽兰在进入四川新环境的过程中,自身适应能力在增强,其强大的生长繁殖能力,几乎没有天敌和竞争对手能与之抗争构成制衡。进入21世纪以来,大举犯境四川盆地,大有横行霸道扩张之态势。关注气候变化与紫茎泽兰入侵发展危害的严峻形势,不仅是一个学术难题,更是关系到自然生态、社会经济、人类生活等国计民生安全的社会管理大事。

Sichuan, located in subtropical zone and with a warm and wet climate, is a mountainous and hilly agricultural province. The mountains and hills areas account for 70%. The suitable climate and vast agricultural land are suitable for farm- ing, but also bring the invasion of exotic pests. Amid 1980s, a kind of toxic aggressive weed represented by Eupatorium Adeno- phorum was brought into the major farmland of western Sichuan mountainous region and the Sichuan Basin by the exchange and migration of exotic species between continents. It firstly invaded the border of Yunnan and Panxi, then spreaded over rapidly, and in the appropriate climatic and ecological conditions, during 20 years time, the weed became an overwhelming community with absolute privilege, spreading over all the mountains and plains. With the climate warming, the adaptability of Eupatorium Adenophorum invaded has been enhanced. Because of its strong reproduction ability, there are no natural enemies and competi- tors. Since the 21st century, the situation of Eupatorium Adenophorum invasion to Sichuan basin is very serious. It is not only a difficult academic problem, but also an important social management matter concerning natural ecology, social economy, and human life for us to pay attentions to the austere situation of climate change and invasion of Eupatorium Adenophorum.