不同类型果园苹果绵蚜及其天敌种群动态和空间分布

Population dynamics and spatial distribution of Eriosoma lanigerum and its enemies in the different types of apple orchards

苹果绵蚜是一种重要的外来入侵性害虫,近年来危害逐年加重并不断扩展蔓延。本文调查研究了粗放园与化防园苹果绵蚜及其天敌的种群动态规律,分析了苹果树上苹果绵蚜及其天敌空间分布差异。结果表明,粗放园中苹果绵蚜及天敌数量均高于化防园。2007年粗放园与化防园中平均虫落数量为40.9个/株和4.9个/株,2008年为19.6个/株和2.1个/株。粗放园中苹果绵蚜趋向于整个树冠分布,主枝、树干相对较少;在化防园中苹果绵蚜向树的下部转移,主枝上分布较多,树冠分布较少。化防园中天敌数量低,对苹果绵蚜控制作用减弱。

Eriosoma lanigerum is a major quarantine pest, and the amount of crop damage is increasing and spreading in some place year by year. The dynamics of Eriosoma lanigerum and its natural enemies were ana- lyzed, the control effect of Aphelinus mali was also studied. The results showed that the number of Eriosoma lan- igerum and the natural enemies of extensive orchard was much higher than that of the chemically controlled or- chard. An average number of Eriosoma lanigerum in the extensive orchard and chemically controlled orchard were 40.9 and 4.9 respectively in 2007, then 19.6 and 2.1 in 2008. Eriosoma lanigerum mainly distributed in the crowns while less distributed in the boughs and branches;But in the chemically controlled orchard it transferred to the lower part of the tree and distributed more on the boughs. The number of the natural enemies was lower in chemically controlled orchard, which weaken its controllability for Eriosoma lanigerum.