日本节日文化的现代形态——以日本都市的元旦文化改编为题材

Modern Form of Japan’s Festival Culture——Case Study onAdaptation of New Year’s Day Culture in Japanese Cities

与中国在纪年采用西历的同时很多传统节日仍然延续农历行事的状况不同,日本在推行西方历法之后出现了传统节日适应于西历的现象,如新年元旦虽以西历日期为准其内涵却是农历新年的习俗。但因为国家意识、人口流动、媒体宣传以及商业资本等原因,这种被认为是"传统"的元旦文化发生了很大的变化,现代版的元旦文化其实只是各类文化元素的集合体所形成的一种抽象的形象化而已,已经不存在具有整体面貌的元旦文化了。但民众在其中选择自己喜好的文化元素,即使发生某种变化也在体验实际而具体的节日文化所带来的快乐,其变化所反映的勃勃生机以及创造性正是现代日本都市社会的节日文化之传承本质和继承方式。

While the Gregorian calendar has been used as chronology in China, many traditional festivals still continue to be celebrated on the days of Chinese lunar calendar. On the contrary, Japanese traditional festivals have been celebrated on the days of the Gregorian calendar since the implementation of the calendar （for example, January 1st is the New Year＇s Day of Japan, but it is celebrated with the tradition of Lunar New Year）. But because of the national consciousness, population movement, media promotion, business capital and other reasons, great changes have taken place in the so-called traditional culture of New Year＇s Day. The modem New Year＇s culture is mere an abstract image formed by a collection of various cultural elements, and does not exist with the overall appearance of the New Year＇s Day culture. The ordinary Japanese choose the cultural elements with their own preferences and enjoy the concrete and specific joy brought about by the festivals no matter what changes have taken place in the festival culture. The dynamism and creation reflected by the changes are just the nature and way of inheritance about festival culture in societies of modem Japanese cities.