光伏电池输出特性与最大功率点跟踪的仿真分析

Simulation research of output features and the maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cell

根据太阳能光伏电池的等效电路特点,建立了相应的光伏电池组件的仿真模型。该模型可以实现在不同光照强度和温度下光伏组件的输出特性,在此模型基础上研究了光伏组件最大功率追踪方法(MPPT)。在众多最大功率追踪方法中,扰动法有着比较优秀的控制效果。针对最常用的最大功率点跟踪方法-扰动观察法,提出一种改进型的扰动法算法,通过仿真结果和实验证明该方法在一定程度上可解决光伏电池输出非线性的问题,有效避免跟踪偏差,提高光伏电池的输出效率,且动态响应速度快,使光伏系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能。

The characteristics of the equivalent circuit of the solar photovoltaic cells is analyzed,and the corresponding PV simulation model is established.This Simulink model can be used to show the output characteristics of the PV module under various insulations and temperatures.On the basis of this Simulink model,Maximum Power PointTracking（MPPT） methods are discussed.Among various MPPT methods,the Perturbation and Observation Method has an excellent control effect.Based on the most commonly used method of maximum power point tracking-disturbance observation method,a new algorithm for PWM perturbation method was proposed,which has been modeling and simulating in Matlab.To some extent,the result shows that the method which solves the problem of nonlinear outputof photovoltaic cells can avoid tracking error,improve the output efficiency and fasten the dynamic response,and PV systems can be with good dynamic and static performances.