高层住宅建筑火灾人员疏散仿真研究

Study on evacuation simulation of high-rise residential building fire

基于高层建筑火灾的严重危害,本文在具体分析阐述我国目前高层住宅建筑的户型设计现状后,以长沙市某高层塔式住宅建筑为研究对象,利用人员疏散软件Building EXODUS(V4.06版)和烟气模拟软件CFAST对发生火灾后建筑物的人员疏散和烟气流动情况仿真模拟。研究表明,逃生楼梯的设计位置对高层塔式住宅的人员疏散效率影响较大;在发生紧急情况后,事前是否进行过疏散演习和事中的人工干预引导疏散对保障高层住宅建筑火灾居民的生命安全尤为重要;高层住宅建筑火灾,起火楼层越底,伤亡越大。

Based on the serious danger of high-rise building fire, in this paper the passenger evacuation and the smoke movement of a high-rise tower partment structural fire in Changsha were simulated using evacuation software Building EXODUS V4. 06 and fire simulation software CFAST after the analysis of different design of high-rise partment building at present particularly. The computation results showed that the location of evacuation staircase has a significant effect to the evacuation efficiency and preventative evacuation practice and manual intervention are propitious to passenger evacuation. It is also indicated that the higher floors fire is more dangerous than the lower floors fire.