日本劳动安全卫生监管模式对我国的借鉴作用

Regulatory model of Japan’s occupational safety and health and its reference for China

学习和借鉴国外先进的安全生产管理模式,可以促进我国安全生产监管水平的不断改善。日本的劳动安全卫生监管采用了超前管理和过程管理方式,政府监管部门通过制定和完善有关法律法规,建立政府计划指导,劳动灾害防止团体和产业协会提供技术服务,企业承担劳动安全卫生主体责任,使劳动安全卫生政策、计划得到有效的执行和不断的修正。经多年的实践和积累,日本劳动安全卫生的重点已从灾害预防控制,向劳动工作紧张焦虑预防控制、创造舒适劳动环境转移,整个劳动安全卫生监管模式进入了一个良性循环。该文借鉴日本劳动安全卫生监督管理体制四十多年的经验,提出我国职业卫生监管应该通过培训教育,提高全民的劳动安全卫生意识。要充分研究和利用第三方技术服务组织,规范第三方技术服务,承担我国劳动安全卫生的事务性工作。

Learning from foreign advanced model of occupational safety management, can promote the supervision level of work safety management continuously in China. Japan＇s occupational safety and health is at a higher level in the international. Using the advanced management and process management practices, Japan＇s occupational safety and health regulation is to regulate the relevant laws and regulations, establish government planning guidance, provide technical services, take responsibility of occupational safety and health. During years of practical experience, the occupational safety and health in Japan shifted its focus from disaster prevention and control, prevention and control to the anxiety of labor work, transfer to create a comfortable working environment, occupational safety and health regulatory model has entered a virtuous circle. Drawing on 40 years of experience on supervision and management of occupational safety and health system in Japan, it was put forward that the occupational health regulation in China should enhance the people＇s awareness of occupational safety and health through training and education. It was also necessary to use third-party service organizations, regulate third-party technical service, so as to afford the affairs of the occupational safety and health.