贺兰山国家重点保护野生动物的现状及分析

Status of the national key protected wildlife in Helan Mountain

根据2000年以来的监测及2007—2009年对贺兰山脊椎动物综合考察结果,分析了国家重点保护野生动物在贺兰山的分布状况.贺兰山分布有国家重点保护野生动物43种,包括30种鸟类和13种哺乳类;其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物8种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物35种,列入《中国物种红色名录》(2004)的有17种,列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录(2010)的有37种;由于调查过程中没有发现可以确证的实体或痕迹,雪豹(Panthera uncia)、盘羊(Ovis ammon)、黄羊(Procapra gutturosa)、斑羚(Naemorhedus goral)在贺兰山的存在与否及分布范围有待以后的调查研究;国家重点保护野生动物在贺兰山的分布存在明显的差异,主要以隼形目鹰科(16种)及隼科(7种)鸟类为主;山地草原带(1 400～1 600m)出现的重点保护动物数量最多,有31种,其次是山地疏林草原带(1 600～2 000m)和山地针叶林带(1 900～3 000m),分别有29种和16种,亚高山灌丛和草甸带(3 000～3 556m)出现的动物数最少,有11种.针对贺兰山国家重点保护野生动物资源的现状与分布格局提出了相应的保护建议.

Based on the results of surveys from 1996, and the integrative wildlife surveys from 2007 to 2009, we found there were 43 species of national key protected animals in Helan Mountain in total, include 30 avifauna and 13 mammals; 8 species are listed in the category Ⅰ of nationally protected animals of China, 35 are in category Ⅱ , 17 species are listed in the China Species Red List, 37 are in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora （CITES： 2010）. As not seen the animal or the trace of snow leopard （Panthera uncia）, goral （Naernorhedus goral）, Argali sheep （Ovis ammon） and antelope （Procapra gutturosa）, we should do more work to confirm the existence of these species. Most of national key protected animals are belonging to Bccipitridae （16 species） and Falconidae （7 species）, about 53.5 of the total. Mountain grassland （1 400--1 600） hold 31 species, the most number of National Key Species, mountain woodland steppe （1 600--2 000） and mountain conifer forest （1 900-- 3 000） hold 29 and 16 species of National Key Species, respectively; sub-alpine shrubland and meadow （3 000--3 556） hold only 11 species, the least number of National Key Species. We also provide advices according to the status and distribution of wildlife in the Helan Mountain.