离子液体型表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

Synthesis and properties of ionic liquid type surfactant

以咪唑、溴代戊烷为原料合成N-戊基咪唑,再用N-戊基咪唑与溴代辛烷、溴代癸烷、溴代十二烷、溴代十四烷,利用超声波辅助合成一系列N,N′-二烷基咪唑溴化铵.采用1H-NMR对N-戊基咪唑以及N,N′-二烷基咪唑溴化铵进行了结构表征.测定了N,N′-二烷基咪唑溴化铵的电导率和表面张力.结果表明:N,N′-二烷基咪唑溴化铵有较高的电导率并且随着浓度的增大而线性增大;N,N′-二烷基咪唑溴化铵可以降低水溶液的表面张力,且随着浓度的增大表面张力降低,随着烷基链的增长临界胶束浓度减小.

N-pentyl imidazole was synthesized from imidazole and bromopentane. N,N＇-dialkyl imidazole ammonium bromide was synthesized from N-pentyl imidazole, bromooctane, bromodecane, bromododecane, bromotetradecane by the means of ultrasonic assistance. The N-alkyl imidazole and N,N＇-dialkyl imidazole ammonium bromide were identified by 1H-NMR. The conductivity and surface tension of the N,N＇-dialkyl imid- azole ammonium bromide were also determined. The results showed that N,N＇-dialkyl imidazole ammonium bromide had high conductivity which increased linearly with the concentration increasing; N,N＇-dialkyl imidaz- ole ammonium bromide can reduce the surface tension of aqueous solution which reduced with the concentra- tion increasing, and the cmc is reduced with the increasing of alkyl chain.