儒家政治秩序的基本样式

The Basic Running Model of Confucian Political Order

围绕政治主体(实体)、社会规范、政治秩序力这三个政治秩序的基本构成要素及其运行机理,儒家构建了其政治秩序的基本样式。这一基本样式的理论内容和构成要素在儒学发展的不同阶段又多有所补益和增减,在秩序构成、运作等方面有不同的侧重和强调,呈现出了原生形态(先秦样式)、次生形态(两汉样式)、再生形态(宋明样式)和衍生形态(清代样式)等不同的理论和样式形态。但其共性却是一致的,都以大同世界为理想归依,且在基本构成体系上都遵循"己—家—君(国)"为政治秩序实体,以三纲五常为政治秩序规范,以仁政和家长式权威为秩序力。

Confucianism is a value system aiming at exploring the ideal political order. Confucians con- structs the basic model of its political order according to the basic structure of political order of political sub- stantiality, social norm and order force and its running mechanism. This basic model changes in content and element with the development of Confucianism, stressing on different aspects in the composition and running of political order. As a result, different theories and forms arise, like the Original Form （the Pre-Qin Form）, the Sub-Form （the Western and Eastern Han Form） , the Reborn Form （the Sung and Ming Form） and the Derivative Form （the Qing Form）. Different as they are, they have two things in common： they all takee the Great Harmonious Society as their ultimate goal and they all takes Individual-Family-King as carriers of politi- cal order, the Three Cardinal Guides and the Five Constant Virtues as their political order, and Benevolence and Rite, Benevolence Governing and Paternalistic Authority as their order driver.