社群主义“自我”观的批判性分析——方法论的视角

A Critical Analysis of “Self” View of Communitarianism——from the perspective of methodology

新自由主义认为自我优先于其目的和价值,他们假定社会是由独特的个人组成的,每个人都先验地拥有一种作为认同的自我,其哲学基础和论证方法都是个人主义的。基于一种整体主义的方法论立场,社群主义认为自由主义的这种个人观念在根本上是错误的;在他们看来,个人是生活在社群之中的,个人的行为、活动是受社群关系所制约的,因此,社群是自我的归属。从马克思主义的唯物史观来看,社群主义的"自我"观是一种抽象的整体主义,社群主义在某种程度上看到了个人要受社群的制约,但在另一方面又把社群当作是高于个人的抽象集体。

New-liberalism believes that self is prior to its aim and value and it assumes that our society consists of particular individuals. According to new-liberalism, everyone has a priori identified self, and the philosophy base and interpretation methods of liberalism are individualistic. Based on a holism methodology, communitarianism believes the individualistic idea of liberalism is basically wrong and according to it, the individual lives in the community, so one＇s behavior and activity are limited by community relationship. Therefore, community is the individual＇s self-ascription. Viewed from Marxism opinion, on the one hand, the self view of communitarianism is an abstract holism and it notices that individual is constrained by community to some extent, but on the other hand, it regards community as an abstract collection above individuals.