冬种多花黑麦草与稻田六足动物多样性关系初探

Relationship between Planting Italian Ryegrass during Winter and Hexapod Community in Rice Habitat

2008年11月至2010年6月,对珠海市农业技术推广站稻田及周围杂草以及冬种黑麦草田3种不同生境的节肢动物越冬群落进行系统调查,共鉴定出六足动物10目57科78种。水稻种植期稻田以双翅目和同翅目为优势种类,而杂草地以双翅目为优势种类。冬种黑麦草田以双翅目和膜翅目为优势种类,杂草地以膜翅目、缨翅目和双翅目为优势种类。每次取样的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)在2.30～3.20之间,Pielou均匀性指数(J)在0.72～0.86之间,但水稻成熟后会影响均匀度。优势度指数(C)均在0.25以下。水稻生长期和冬闲期各种指数没有明显的差异。水稻种植期期间,黑麦草田与对照田Jaccard相似性指数最高,但在冬闲期,杂草地与黑麦草田更高。

From Nov. 2008 to Jun. 2010, an ecological investigation on Hexapoda was carried out in rice habitat and non-rice habitat in Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. A total of 78 species of Hexapoda, which belong to 57 familes, 10 orders, were obtained. The results show that Diptera and Homoptera are dominant in rice field, but only Diptera is dominant in weeds during rice growing. Diptera and Hemynoptera are dominant in Italian ryegrass field in winter. However, Hemynoptera, Thysanoptera and Diptera are dominant in weeds. Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H） is 2.30 - 3.20. Pielou-evenness （J） is 0. 72 - 0.86, but the value would be changed when rice maturing Simpson dominance index is below 0. 25. There is no distinct difference on the three indices between rice growing season and winter time. Jaceard similarity index is higher in Italian ryegrass field and control field during rice growing, but higher in Italian ryegrass field and weeds in winter.