贵州省城镇用地扩展强度时空分异及影响因素

Spatial-temporal differentiation of urban land area expansion intensity and the influence factors in Guizhou

以贵州省1995年、2000年、2007年TM遥感影像资料为数据源,利用Er-das软件对该三期影像进行矫正和监督分类,应用ArcView进行修改。然后,再以ArcGIS空间分析模块,提取贵州省1995年、2000年、2007年三个时期的城镇土地利用数据。在此基础上,运用城镇扩展强度指数公式计算城镇扩展强度指数,并从交通、经济和自然环境等方面对贵州省城镇土地利用扩展的影响因素进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)2001-2007年,高速扩展城镇16个,高于1995—2000年期间的5个;(2)从空间上看,南北(遵崇公路、贵遵公路、贵新公路及国道210)沿线、东西(凯麻公路、贵黄公路以及国道320)沿线大城市扩展较快,并以交通十字交点为中心形成中高速扩展区域,而且这种由节点城镇向轴线发展的趋势表现日益突出。(3)从扩展强度等级上看,存在扩展强度等级逐渐递增的规律,即由低速扩展→低中速扩展→中速扩展→中高速扩展→高速扩展。道路等级与城镇扩展强度成正比例关系,即道路等级越高,其沿线城镇土地利用扩展强度越大;经济是城镇扩展的重要影响因素,经济的快速增长能提高城镇扩展强度;平坦开阔的地形地貌将利于城镇扩展,而山高坡陡等崎岖的地形地貌将阻碍城镇的扩展。

The land use data are acquired from the TM images of 1995, 2000, 2007 with the aid of Erdas and Arcview software. The urban expansion intensity index in every county of Guizhou are calculated and the in- fluence factors to the expansion of urban and town involving transportation, economy and natural conditions are analyzed. The results show that： 1） there are 16 cities and towns with high expansion speed from 2001 to 2007, but in the period of 1995--2000 there are only 5 cities and towns with high expansion speed;2） big cities on the North-South traffic axis （Zun-Chong Expressway, Gui-Zun Expressway, Gui-Xin Expressway, State Road 210） and East-West traffic axis （Kai-Ma Expressway, Gui-Huang Expressway, State Road 320） expand faster, and the rapidly expanding locations appear near the center of traffic intersection and this trend gets more and more obvious; 3） in view of the expansion intensity grade, the expansion intensity gradually increases, from low speed, low-medium speed, medium speed, medium-high speed to high speed. There is a direct proportion between the grade of road and the urban expansion intensity, in other words, the high the grade of road, the larger the urban land area expansion intensity along the road. Economy is an important factor to urban expansion, high speed development of economy strengthens urban expansion. Flat landform is beneficial to urban expansion, while uneven land can impede urban expansion.