广州市海珠区儿童乙肝疫苗接种状况及保护效果分析

Immunization coverage and effects of hepatitis B vaccine in children in haizhu district of Guangzhou city

目的了解广州市海珠区儿童乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)接种状况并评价其保护效果。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法抽取1～20岁常住人群,对其HepB接种情况进行问卷调查,并采集静脉血检测乙肝血清学指标,描述其接种和乙肝病毒(HBV)感染状况,并分析其保护效果。结果 366名调查对象有HepB接种史为86.61%,HBV感染率为20.77%,其中有接种史者感染率为13.56%,无接种史者感染率为67.35%。按年龄进行分层后,HepB总保护率(PR)为93.3%。接种剂次越多PR越高,且接种率≥70%后接种率水平与PR呈剂量-反应关系。结论儿童接种HepB对HBV感染有很好的保护效果。

Objective To study the immunization coverage of hepatitis B vaccine（HepB） in children in haizhu district of guangzhou and evaluate immune effects. Methods A multistage randomized cluster sampling was used, and 366 subjects aged 1 to 20 years old from the inhabitant of haizhu district of guangzhou city were selected. Every subject＇s HepB immunization history was investigated through questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected to detect the markers of hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection. HepB coverage and HBV infection rate were deseripted, and immune effects of HepB were analyzed. Results The overall vaccination rate of HepB was 86.61% （317/366）. HBV infection rate was 20.77% （76/366）, and 13.56% in vaccinated group while 67.35% in non-vaccinated group. Overall protective rate（PR） was 93.3% after stratification according to ages. The more vaccinated times were, the higher PR was. When the vaccination rate was ≥70%, HepB vaccination rate and PR showed the dose-response relationship. Conclusion Vaccinating HepB on children could provide good immune effect to HBV.