水库移民可持续生计能力分析——以阿坝州典型水电工程为例

Sustainable livelihood ability of reservoir immigrants:case studies of typical hydropower projects in Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Aba of Sichuan Province,China

水库移民已经成为水电工程建设最突出的问题之一,移民的生产生活困境也日益成为社会关注的焦点。运用可持续性生计分析框架对水库移民问题进行解析,为研究水库移民的困境现状、导致贫困的因素以及可行的治理策略提供新的思路。通过对四川省阿坝州几个水电站的典型个案分析,发现水库移民可持续性生计能力短缺,水库移民成为潜在的贫困社会群体,自然资本贫瘠、经济资本薄弱、人力资本稀缺、社会资本不足的问题尤为突出。指出:解决水库移民问题的关键在于从战略层面分层逐步提升移民的可持续性生计能力。

The reservoir resettlement has become one of the most remarkable issues in construction of hydropower projects,and the immigrants' production and life dilemma has increasingly become the focus of social concern.The sustainable livelihood framework is employed to analyze the problems of reservoir resettlement so as to provide a new way for studying the status of the immigrants' dilemma, the factors for poverty as well as the possible management strategy.Through case studies of hydropower stations in Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Aba of Sichuan Province,it is found that the reservoir immigrants' sustainable livelihood ability is short and makes them become potential poor community.The problems of barren natural capital,weak economic capital,scarce human capital and deficient social capital are the most prominent.Therefore,the key to the problems of reservoir resettlement is gradually to improve the immigrants' sustainable livelihood ability from the strategic level.