中国和美国种植业保险产品的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Cases of Crop Insurance Products in China and the U.S.

采用比较研究的方法,分析了中美两国种植业保险产品在保险责任、保障水平、补贴方式、保险单元和政府角色五个方面的差异。表明尽管中国还处在农业保险试点阶段,但其提供的产品无论在保险责任还是保障水平上都远远超过了美国的CAT巨灾保险产品,这与国家"低保障、低保费、广覆盖"的原则相悖,同时也加重了政府财政负担。目前实务中的"平"补贴结构和"双背离"现象,也分别导致了国家补贴效率低下,保险产品价格低估和保险公司违规风险剧增等严重问题。另外,政府在产品研发和管理中的角色定位也不利于农业保险的长期持续稳定发展,中国种植业保险产品和补贴体系改革已经迫在眉睫。

This paper analyze the differences of crop insurance products between China and the U. S. in insurance liability ,the coverage level ,the subsidy form, insurance unit and the role of government. China＇s products are far beyond the U. S. CAT catastrophe insurance products in terms of the insurance liability or the coverage level although China is still in the pilot phase of agricultural insurance, which is contrary to the national principle of＂ low Protection, low Premium and Wide Coverage＂ and also increases the fiscal burden of government. In current practice, the ＂fiat＂ structure of subsidies and the＂ double departure＂ phenomena have also led to government subsidy inefficiency, underestimated prices of insurance products, increased violation risks of insurance companies and other serious problems. In addition,the government＇s role in product R ＆ D and management is not conducive to long-term sustainable and stable development of agricultural insurance. The paper conclude that the reform of crop insurance products and the subsidy system was imminent.