6种木本植物叶浸液对钉螺驱杀作用及其生殖器官解剖结构的影响

Expelling and Killing Effects of Leaf Extracts of 6 Woody Plant Species on Oncomelania hupensis and the Impact of the Extr acts on the Anatomical Str uctur es of Its Repr oductive Organs

通过应用乌桕、夹竹桃、大叶冬青、珊瑚朴、薄壳山核桃、苦楝6种木本植物叶浸液对钉螺驱杀实验及其解剖结构的影响研究,结果表明:(1)薄壳山核桃、珊瑚朴叶浸提液较短时间对钉螺几乎没有毒杀作用,苦楝叶浸液对钉螺毒杀作用最明显,其依次是夹竹桃、乌桕、大叶冬青;随着时间的推移,6种叶浸液对钉螺毒杀作用均达100%。(2)不同树种叶浸提混合液对钉螺的毒害作用明显大于单种植物浸提液。钉螺分别在大叶冬青×薄壳山核桃、夹竹桃×苦楝、冬青×乌桕、珊瑚朴×乌桕4种叶浸提混合液处理下,从5～30min,冬青×薄壳山核桃处理组的钉螺逃逸率10%～12%,假死率88%～99%;夹竹桃×苦楝处理组的钉螺逃逸率始终是0%,假死率始终是100%;冬青×乌桕处理组的钉螺逃逸率0～2%,假死率98%～100%;珊瑚朴×乌桕处理组的钉螺逃逸率8%～24%,假死率76%～97%。(3)钉螺分别在珊瑚朴、薄壳山核桃、乌桕、夹竹桃、大叶冬青、苦楝6种叶浸提液处理24h后,6种处理的雄性螺的阴茎、雌性螺的卵巢解剖结构分别与对照相比,均无明显变化。因此,在建设血防林时,可以考虑利用像大叶冬青、乌桕、夹竹桃、苦楝等树种营造混交林,对钉螺的分布与驱散有一定的作用。

This paper studied the expelling and killing effects of leaf extracts of 6 woody plant species including Triadica sebifera, Nerium oleander, llex latifolia, Celtis julianae, Carya illinoensis and Melia azedarach on Oncomelania hupensis and the impact of the extracts on the anatomical structures of its reproductive organs. The results showed： 1. The leaf extracts of Carya illinoensis and Celtis julianae had nearly no short-time poisonous killing effects on Oncomelania hupensis and those of Melia azedaroch had the most significant poisonous killing effects, followed by Nerium oleander, Triadica sebifera and Llex lotifolia. The leaf extracts of the 6 plant species all had 100% poisonous killing effects over time. 2. The poisonous killing effects of the mixed leaf extracts of different plant species are significantly greater than those of single species leaf extracts. Under the 5-to-30min-long treatments with mixed leaf extracts of llex latifolia ~ Carya iUinoensis, Nerium oleander ~ Melia azedarach, llex latifolia x Triadica sebifera, and Celtis julianae x Triadica sebifera, the escape rate and feign death rate were 10-12% and 90-88% respectively for the treatment group of Ilex latifolia x Carya illinoensis, 0% and 100% respectively for that of Nerium oleander x Melia azedarach, 0-2% and 100-98% respectively for that of llex latifolia x Triadica sebifera, and 8-24% and 92-76% respectively for that of Celtis julianae x Triadica sebifera. 3. After the respective treatments with leaf extracts of Celtis julianae, Carya illinoensis, Triadica sebifera, Nerium oleander, Ilex latifolia and Melia azedarach for 24 hours, the anatomical structures of both the male penises and female ovaries of Oncomelania hupensis showed no significant changes compared with the control group. Consequently, mixed afforestation with llex latifolia, Triadica sebifera, Nerium oleander and Melia azedarach should be considered in the construction of schistosomasis-prevention forests, which would have definite effects on the distribution and expulsion of Oncomelania hupensis.