油茶果脱壳清选机的研制与试验

Design and test on shelling and sorting machine of camellia oleifera fruit

为了找到一种油茶果脱壳及壳、籽分离的最佳方法,该文研究了油茶果的生物特性,并据此特性采用撞击、挤压和揉搓原理研发了油茶果脱壳清选机。该机采用呈一定扭角和锥角、回转半径不同的脱壳杆,在滚筒里形成一锲形脱壳室进行脱壳,适应大小不同的油茶果。利用果壳和茶籽粒的外形差异,设计了一组弧形齿光辊对辊清选机构,并进行了脱壳清选试验。试验结果表明,对于含水率较高、未开裂及开裂的油茶果,在脱壳杆转速350～400r/min,脱壳杆锥角3°,齿光辊间隙1.0～1.5mm,筛孔直径24mm的工艺条件下,处理量达1000kg/h,脱净率≥99%、清选率≥95%,碎籽率≤3%、损耗率≤2%。试验表明整机构思巧妙、工作稳定可靠,可以投入生产应用。

In order to find out an effective way for shelling camellia oleifera fruit and separating the seed from the fruit, the biological characteristic of camellia oleifera fruit was studied, and according to the principle of impacting, extruding and rubbing, a shelling and sorting machine of camellia oleifera fruit was designed. A shelling rod which had torsion angle, cone angle and different radius of gyration, was constructed a wedge shaped shelling chamber to shell the different kinds of fruit. Based on the different shape between the fruit and the seed, the mechanism with group gears rolls and rolls was designed, and shelling and sorting tests was carried on the machine. Experiment results showed that, for the high moisture, crack or untracked camellia oleifera fruit, under the conditions which the speed of shelling rod was 350-400 r/min, cone angle was 3 degrees, the gap between gear roll and roll was 1-1.5 mm and the sieve pore diameter was 24 mm, the disposal of fruit achieved 1 000 kg/h, the shelling rate was more than 99%, and the sorting rate was more than 95%, the fragment rate of seed was less than 3%, and the loss rate was less than 2%. Experiment results showed that the machine was ingeniously conceived and reliable, and can be put into production.