中国城市垃圾典型可行焚烧技术的综合评价

A Comprehensive Assessment of Typical Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Technologies in China

中国城市垃圾处理的主要方式正在由卫生填埋向垃圾焚烧转变.基于中国城市垃圾焚烧处置需求特征分析,建立了技术评价指标体系,采用层次分析法,从技术的可靠性、经济性和适用性三方面,对国内外现有4种主要城市垃圾焚烧技术进行了综合评价.结果表明:流化床技术和层燃技术在技术成熟度、技术能力和二英污染控制等方面相对可靠,适用于我国多数大城市的垃圾焚烧处置.国产流化床焚烧技术更加适应当前国内垃圾分类水平较差的大部分城市;层状焚烧技术则比较适用于城市垃圾管理水平高、垃圾分类较好、热值较高、垃圾处置集中度高和规模较大的城市;旋转焚烧和热解焚烧技术则较适用于垃圾成分复杂、尺寸不均匀的小城镇、工业园区垃圾处置或医疗废物处置,但二者均需加强二英排放控制.

The Chinese municipal solid waste treatment method is changing from sanitary landfill to waste incineration.Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）,a comprehensive assessment of the four typical incineration technologies applied in municipal solid waste treatment in China was conducted according to their reliability,economics and applicability.The study shows that domestically-supplied fluidized bed incineration technology would be applicable for waste incineration in most big cities in China,while the layered incineration technology is proper for large and more modernized cities with better waste magement systems and large-scale or centralized municipal solid waste treatment.Rotary kiln incineration and incineration pyrolysis technology could be used in small cities or industrial park areas whose solid waste has more complex composition with heterogeneous size,but dioxin emission control should be enhanced if such technologies are applied.