上海市某区小学生膳食营养状况调查

A Survey on the Dietary Nutritional Status of Schoolchildren in a District of Shanghai

[目的]了解上海市松江区小学生的膳食结构、营养状况,为指导合理膳食提供依据。[方法]于2009年随机整群抽取上海市松江区5所小学二至五年级1000名小学生进行连续3d膳食调查,根据《中国居民膳食指南》和"中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量"作出评价。[结果]小学生的谷类、奶类和豆类消费未达到推荐量,鱼、虾、肉、禽类高蛋白及油脂类食物消费过多;吃零食现象较为普遍,且所吃零食主要是能量高、营养价值低的食物。能量摄入不足,碳水化合物供能比偏低,蛋白质供能比过高,钙、锌和维生素A等多种营养素摄入不足。[结论]上海市松江区小学生人均能量摄入不足,膳食结构不甚合理,营养素摄入不均衡。应加强营养教育,指导学生合理膳食。

[ Objective ] To analyze the dietary pattern and nutritional status of schoolchildren in Songjiang District of Shanghai for better dietary guidance. [ Methods ] A total of 1 000 schoolchildren in grades 2 to 5 of 5 primary schools in Songjiang District were cluster sampled for a three-consecutive day dietary recall survey. Their nutritional status was evaluated in accordance with Dietary Guidance for Chinese Residents and Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes （DRIs）. [ Results ] The consumptions of grain, milk, and beans were lower than reference intakes, while those of animal products and oils were higher. The consumption of snacks which were rich in calories only was prevailing. Their energy intakes were lower than DRIs, and the proportions of energy derived from carbohydrate and protein were lower and higher respectively. The intakes of some nutrients such as calcium, zinc, and vitamin A were much less than DRIs. [ Conclusion ] The survey found insufficient dietary energy intakes, poor dietary patterns and imbalaneed intakes of nutrients among these schoolchildren in Songjiang. Health education on rational dietary patterns should be strengthened in this population.